Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril], one of the most important crop species in the world, is very susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress. Soybean plants have developed a variety of molecular mechanisms that help them survive stressful conditions. Hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) constitute a family of cell-wall proteins with a variable N-terminal domain and conserved C-terminal domain that is phylogenetically related to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Members of the HyPRP family are involved in basic cellular processes and their expression and activity are modulated by environmental factors. In this study, microarray analysis and real time RT-qPCR were used to identify putative HyPRP genes in the soybean genome and to assess their expression in different plant tissues. Some of the genes were also analyzed by time-course real time RT-qPCR in response to infection by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust disease. Our findings indicate that the time of induction of a defense pathway is crucial in triggering the soybean resistance response to P. pachyrhizi. This is the first study to identify the soybean HyPRP group B family and to analyze disease-responsive GmHyPRP during infection by P. pachyrhizi.

Foi avaliado um método baseado em PCR do gene do RNAr 16S, desenvolvido com a finalidade de um diagnóstico molecular rápido na identificação das espécies filogeneticamente relacionadas Bradyrhizobium japonicum e B. elkanii, isoladas de nódulos de soja, visando ao seu emprego na identificação de estirpes mais competitivas e com maior capacidade de fixação de nitrogênio para uso na formulação de inoculantes comerciais. O método usado foi capaz de discriminar dez estirpes-padrão pertencentes a essas duas espécies de Bradyrhizobium, assim como identificar eficientemente 37 estirpes isoladas de lavouras cultivadas com soja.

A 16S rRNA gene PCR-based assay was developed aiming at a fast molecular diagnostic method to differentiate the two phylogenetically closely related species Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii, isolated from soybean nodules, in order to identify those more competitive and comprising greater nitrogen fixation ability for use in the formulation of commercial inoculants. The assay used was able to discriminate ten reference strains belonging to these two Bradyrhizobium species, as well as to efficiently identify 37 strains isolated from fields cultivated with soybean.

A androgênese é o fênomeno no qual um grão de pólen é capaz de alterar sua rota de desenvolvimento e originar um esporófito haplóide. Este processo ontogenético alternativo ainda é pouco conhecido, apesar de sua potencialidade tanto para estudos básicos como àqueles aplicados para melhoramento de plantas. O presente artigo tem como propósito revisar os fatores envolvidos no desvio da via gametofítica normal e os mecanismos fundamentais na indução da embriogênese do pólen.

Androgenesis is a phenomenon in which pollen grain changes its developmental pathway giving rise to haploid sporophyte. This alternative ontogenetic process is still not completely understood despite of its potencial to basic and applied studies, including crop improvement. The present article has the purpose of reviewing the factors related to the deviation of normal gametophytic route and the fundamental mechanisms of pollen embryogenesis induction.